What should be the results of a blood test. Complete blood count: norms, interpretation of a blood test and preparation for analysis

Blood consists of a liquid part - plasma, as well as cells (shaped elements), the concentration of which can vary significantly under various pathological conditions. Deciphering a clinical blood test allows you to judge the possible presence or absence of inflammation, intoxication of the body, dehydration (dehydration), bleeding, oncological diseases, diseases of the hematopoietic system, etc.

What blood tests are done?

Modern laboratory diagnostics based mainly on blood tests. The indicators of this main binding substance of the body can tell a lot about the state of human health. The most informative - and therefore most often carried out - are biochemical and general blood tests.

What is a general blood test?

General analysis blood is one of the most important clinical studies, which is carried out for most diseases, as well as as part of a preventive examination (dispanserization). When diagnosing blood diseases this test plays a leading role.

Important:a general blood test from a finger is taken on an empty stomach in the morning. In order to avoid distortion of the results for 8 hours, you can not eat, and you can only drink water.

Before a blood test, it is not allowed to take drinks containing alcohol, as well as tea, andjuices.

Traditionally, blood is taken from ring finger, piercing the skin with a sterile scarifier to a depth of 2-3 mm. The first drop is usually removed with a cotton swab, then blood is drawn to determine the level of hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the next portion is to determine the number of white and red blood cells. Smears for microscopy are made using glasses.

Laboratory research involves:

• determination of the number of various shaped elements (cells);
• establishment of the main parameters of blood cells (size, type, etc.);
• measurement of the level (concentration) of hemoglobin;
• definition leukocyte formula;
• determination of hematocrit.

Main indicators of UAC

Hematocrit is a percentage that determines the volumetric ratio of cell mass to plasma. Erythrocyte indices reflect the main characteristics of red blood cells.

Hemoglobin (HGB)- this is a "respiratory pigment" - a compound of iron and protein, which is responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and tissues.

note: a physiological decrease in the level of hemoglobin is possible in babies of the first year of life.

A low level of hemoglobin indicates the development of anemia (anemia).

Important:anemia often develops against the background of blood loss, impaired formation of red cells, or with their accelerated destruction. She may be clinical manifestation a number of pathologies or be an independent disease.

red blood cells(RBC) are highly differentiated cellular elements. They lack nuclei, and the intracellular space is filled with hemoglobin.

The color index of erythrocytes reflects the level of respiratory pigment in these red blood cells.

Mean red cell volume (MCV)- This is an indicator that is used in the diagnosis of various types of anemia. Also at differential diagnosis types of anemia, an indicator reflecting the average content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes is certainly taken into account.

RBC distribution by size (RDW) allows you to set the degree of anisocytosis, i.e. the presence of red cells of various volumes.

Reticulocytes called young forms of red cells.

platelets(PLT)- These are the cells that are formed in the red bone marrow and are responsible for the process of blood clotting. In the granules of these non-nuclear shaped elements, there are coagulation factors and biologically active substances released upon activation of platelets. These cells can attach to the walls blood vessels and to each other, forming a clot that "plugs" damage to the vascular walls. The duration of the existence of a platelet in the blood is no more than 1-1.5 weeks. An increase in bleeding develops if the concentration of these cells is less than 50x10 3 . Such conditions can pose a serious threat to the life of the patient.

note: in the blood test of a pregnant woman, the number of platelets is reduced, which is the norm. Physiological thrombocytopenia is also recorded in women during menstruation. The number of these cells increases with physical activity.

ESR is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In women, this indicator is normally higher than in men, which is explained by regular physiological blood loss. An increase in ESR may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process, the presence of infectious agents in the body, or intoxication.

Leukocytes (WBC) are white blood cells produced in lymphatic system and bone marrow. They protect the body by recognizing and neutralizing foreign agents, as well as their own cells that have undergone pathological changes. Leukocytosis (an increase in the number of leukocytes), as a rule, indicates the development of an inflammatory process. In particular, leukocytes include neutrophils (stab and segmented), basophils, eosinophils, monocytes (large white cells) and lymphocytes (elements responsible for acquired).

An increase in the number of eosinophils often indicates helminthic invasions or the presence of diseases of an allergic origin.

The results of the blood test are prepared in the laboratory within one day.

Normal performance

Only a doctor can interpret the results, that is, make any conclusions based on the data obtained in the course of a laboratory blood test. However, some conclusions can be drawn by comparing your complete blood count from a finger with the reference (normal) values ​​​​in the tables below.

Important:adult blood test results are different from the results this study The child has.

Table of norms for a blood test in adults:

Table for deciphering a blood test in children (normal):

What do the deviations indicate?

A cause for concern may be leukocytosis, i.e. an increase in the number of white blood cells.

The reason for the increase in the number of leukocytes are pathologies such as:

• bacterial infections accompanied by purulent inflammation;
• any ;
• blood diseases (leukemia).

If leukocytosis occurs, then this is the reason for a deep and comprehensive medical examination. If you suspect infectious diseases an additional blood test for antibodies may be performed.

Important: it should be borne in mind that the number of leukocytes may temporarily increase in postoperative period, after vaccination, as well as after a meal or significant physical activity.

Leukopenia (a decrease in the number of leukocytes) is often due to a lack of vitamins, unfavorable environmental conditions or viral infections. As a rule, it is not a cause for serious concern.

ESR depends on the positive charge of red blood cells, due to which they repel each other. In some pathologies, red blood cells lose their charge, as a result of which they begin to settle faster.

You should be examined if the indicator is 3-5 times higher than normal values.

Cause increase in ESR may be:

• kidney disease - inflammation of the renal pelvis () or glomeruli (glomerulonephritis);
• bacterial (pneumonia);
• foci purulent inflammation(abscesses and phlegmon);
• (generalized process);
• inflammatory diseases pancreas, gallbladder and other organs of the digestive system;
• diseases of rheumatic (autoimmune) origin - rheumatoid arthritis and SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus);
• malignant neoplasms.

Important: to rule out cancer, a special clinical blood test for tumor markers is performed.

Women should not worry if the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases before the onset of menstruation - this physiological norm. The indicator is also increased during pregnancy (from week 5) and returns to normal only by the fourth week after the baby is born.

Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of platelets below 100 × 109/l.

Possible causes of thrombocytopenia may include:

• acute infectious diseases;
• aplastic form of anemia;
• malignant blood diseases (leukemia).

note: special vigilance should be exercised when detecting a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood test of pregnant women. One of the causes of pathology antiphospholipid syndrome, quite often leading to miscarriage.

Thrombocytosis (an increase in the number of these cells) indicates the possible presence of the following pathologies:

• acute inflammation;
• exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process;
• amyloidosis (impaired protein metabolism);
• malignant tumors.

note : there is no reason to worry if thrombocytosis is recorded in the postoperative period or after significant physical exertion.

A decrease in hemoglobin levels with a high degree of probability indicates iron deficiency anemia.

Reasons for low hemoglobin levels may include:

• hypovitaminosis of vitamin B12, due to a violation of its absorption (typical for patients suffering from atrophic gastritis and for elderly and senile people);
• lack of animal products in the diet (vegetarian diet);
• period of pregnancy and lactation;
• regular blood loss (including physiological during menstruation).

General blood analysis, perhaps the most common analysis that doctors prescribe in order to correctly diagnose and conduct a study of the patient's health status. But what comes in the answer does not tell the patient anything, in order to understand what all these numbers mean, we provide you interpretation of blood test values.

The general blood test is divided into:

• Blood chemistry;
• Immunological blood test;
• Hormonal blood test;
• Serological blood tests.

Deciphering the blood test:

Now more about the main indicators of the general blood test.

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the blood pigment of red blood cells. Its function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs, and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Hemoglobin increase:

• stay on high altitudes
• polycythemia (an increase in red blood cells)
• dehydration and blood clots

Decreased hemoglobin:

• anemia

color indicator

The color indicator shows the relative content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. This indicator is important in the diagnosis of anemia.

Color Enhancement:

• spherocytosis

Decrease in color index:

• Iron-deficiency anemia

red blood cells

Erythrocytes are red blood cells that form in the red bone marrow. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen.

Erythrocyte increase:

• dehydration
• polycythemia

Decrease in red blood cells:

• anemia

Leukocytes

White blood cells. Produced in red bone marrow. The function of leukocytes is to protect the body from foreign substances and microbes. In other words, it is immunity.

There are different types of leukocytes, so diagnostic value has a number change certain types and not all leukocytes in general.

Increase in leukocytes:

• infection, inflammation
• allergy
• leukemia
• condition after acute bleeding, hemolysis

Decrease in leukocytes:

• bone marrow pathology
• infections (influenza, rubella, measles, etc.)
• genetic abnormalities of the immune system
• increased spleen function

Leukocyte formula

Percentage different types leukocytes. Neutrophils: cells responsible for inflammation, fighting infection (except for viral ones), non-specific protection(immunity), removal of own dead cells. Mature neutrophils have a segmented nucleus, while young ones have a rod-shaped nucleus.

Increase in leukocyte formula:

• intoxication
• infections
• inflammatory process
• malignant tumors
• psycho-emotional arousal

Decreased leukocyte formula:

• aplastic anemia, bone marrow pathology
• genetic disorders of the immune system
• some infections (viral, chronic)

Eosinophils

Decreased eosinophils:

• purulent infections
• surgical intervention

Basophils

Going into the tissues, basophils turn into mast cells, which are responsible for the release of histamine - a hypersensitivity reaction to food, drugs, etc.

Increase in basophils:

• chicken pox
• hypersensitivity reactions
• chronic sinusitis
• hypothyroidism

Decrease in basophils:

• pregnancy
• ovulation
• acute infections
• hyperthyroidism
• stress

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the main cells immune system human body. They fight viral infections, destroy foreign cells and altered own cells, secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) into the blood - substances that block antigen molecules and remove them from the body.

Increase in lymphocytes:

• lymphocytic leukemia
• viral infections

Decreased lymphocytes:

• lymph loss
• aplastic anemia
• acute infections (non-viral) and diseases
• immunodeficiency states
• systemic lupus erythematosus

Monocytes

Monocytes are the largest leukocytes. They finally destroy foreign cells and proteins, foci of inflammation, destroyed tissues. Monocytes are the most important cells of the immune system, it is monocytes that are the first to meet the antigen and present it to lymphocytes for the development of a full-fledged immune response.

Increase in monocytes:

• leukemia
• tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis
• infections (viral, fungal, protozoal)
• systemic diseases connective tissue(arthritis, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus)

Decreased monocytes:

• hairy cell leukemia
• aplastic anemia

ESR

ESR is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during blood sedimentation. ESR level depends directly on the number of red blood cells, their "weight" and shape, as well as on the properties of blood plasma - the amount of proteins, as well as viscosity.

ESR increase:

• inflammatory process
• infections
• anemia
• malignant tumors
• pregnancy

Reticulocytes

Reticulocytes are young forms of red blood cells. Normally, they should be in the bone marrow. Their excess blood output speaks of increased speed the formation of erythrocytes.

Increase in reticulocytes:

• increased formation of red blood cells in anemia (with blood loss, iron deficiency, hemolytic)

Decrease in reticulocytes:

• kidney disease
• violations of the maturation of red blood cells (B12-folic deficiency anemia)
• aplastic anemia

platelets

Platelets are platelets that are formed from giant cells bone marrow. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

Increase in platelets:

• inflammatory process
• myeloid leukemia
• polycythemia
• condition after surgery

Decrease in platelets:

• aplastic anemia
• systemic lupus erythematosus
• thrombocytopenic purpura
• hemolytic disease, isoimmunization by blood groups, Rh factor
• hemolytic anemia

However, it is worth remembering that only a doctor can correctly diagnose and interpret the tests. All of the above is only for orientation, but not for self-diagnosis.

Each of us at least once in our lives, at the slightest suspicion of any disease, passed the KLA - a complete blood count.

This study is the most:

• affordable, it is carried out in every public and private health facility, and at a price acceptable to any wallet,
• performed in the shortest possible time - a day, and if there is a CITO mark! - urgently - within 1.5 - 2 hours,
• informative.

Can be done in the form:

• Triples: Hb - hemoglobin, Le - leukocytes, ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
• Detailed analysis with leukocyte formula.

A detailed complete blood count includes:

1. Hemoglobin.
2. Erythrocytes.
3. Color index.
4. Reticulocytes.
5. platelets.
6. Leukocytes: stab, segmented, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

We do a general blood test, which is mandatory for any disease, in order to obtain a complete picture of the state of the body. It is included in the mandatory list of examinations during a preventive examination or contacting a health facility for any ailment. It includes, first of all, indicators of the values ​​of shaped elements.

Enter the Internet, and on request what is included in the general blood test, you will receive a lot of various information. After reading this article, you will have a complete understanding of this issue.

But first it is worth saying that blood is, first of all, an organ that lives according to its physiological laws. Its volume is 6-7% of the mass of an adult. It circulates through the vessels: the arteries carry blood enriched with oxygen from the lungs to all organs and systems.

This is arterial blood, it is scarlet in color. And blood flows through the veins, saturated with carbon dioxide and metabolic products, this is venous blood of a dark red color. Passing through the liver, it is cleared of poisons and toxins. It enters the lungs again, enriched with oxygen and carries it along with nutrients to destinations. And this happens all the time, whether we are awake or asleep.

Blood consists of a liquid part - plasma and formed elements.

Proteins, minerals, vitamins and decay products are dissolved in plasma. A decrease in its volume leads to thickening of the blood and difficulty in blood circulation, which can cause ischemic phenomena - heart attacks and strokes.

Shaped elements are also an important component. Each group included there performs its specific functions. Their total value can be expressed in three words: transport, protection and regulation.

Blood indicators

A clinical blood test includes a study of 5 main parameters:

• Hemoglobin.
• Erythrocytes.
• platelets.
• Leukocytes.

Their level indicates what changes occur in the body - whether it is healthy or some pathological process is on the face.

Let's take a closer look at each of the parameters.

Hemoglobin

It is a protein compound with iron. Performs a transport role. Iron enters the body with food, its intake per day should be at least 20 mg. It is better absorbed in the presence of vitamin C and is found in large quantities in:

• red meat,
• pork and beef liver,
• buckwheat,
• dried apricots,
• nuts,
• black raisins,
• pomegranate,
• apricots.

Its normal numbers indicate a good hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. The decrease occurs when:

1. Massive internal and external bleeding.
2. Chronic internal bleeding with uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, duodenum, erosive-ulcerative colitis.
3. Violations of the hematopoietic function.

red blood cells

The blood cells are biconcave, red color is obtained due to the content of hemoglobin. They play a transport and nutritional role. They are evaluated by shape, color intensity, quantity. Among them, there should not be more than 1% of reticulocytes in the norm - young forms.

An increase in the number of red blood cells leads to thickening of the blood - erythrocytosis, which can be observed in hot weather with dehydration, the use of diuretics long time, loss of plasma. A decrease in the number of red blood cells indicates anemia.

platelets

Colorless cells perform one of the most important functions: stopping bleeding, as well as nourishing and restoring the integrity of the damaged vascular wall. Due to the special structure, they have special processes, they form a mesh at the site of bleeding, on which fibrin is deposited. They bind tightly to each other and, thus, a plug is formed - a thrombus that closes the defect in the vessel wall and the bleeding stops.

In the case of an increase in the normal level of platelets, thrombocytosis is observed. It leads to increased blood clotting, which prevents massive blood loss during operations. But it is pathological under normal conditions, as it leads to increased thrombosis and vascular accidents.

Leukocytes

White blood cells are responsible for the body's defenses. Them increased amount talking about:

• inflammatory process,
• infectious,
• poisoning,
• trauma,
• any disease of the internal organs,
• or leukemia.

and lower - about problems in immune status. A clinical detailed blood test always includes a description of the leukocyte formula:

1. stab and segmented cells.

Normally, the amount ranges from 19-38%. They are responsible for the formation of the immune response at the cellular and humoral levels. So, when foreign agents invade, they cause the production of special hormones, which in turn stimulate an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes. It is they who surround the "enemy" and "destroy" him. illustrative example this is the formation of boils or abscesses at the site of infection, such as staphylococcus or streptococcus.

Normally, their number should not exceed 1%. They instantly react to the introduction of various poisons, toxins and in inflammatory processes. They are also elevated in certain blood disorders, such as myelogenous leukemia or hemolytic anemia.

Them normal level in the blood is in the range of 3-11%. They carry out a kind of face-control of all foreign substances and give a command for their destruction to eosinophils and lymphocytes.

Sometimes, when describing the leukocyte formula, they write "shift to the left or right." A shift to the left indicates an increase in immature young forms of leukocytes in the blood. This picture can be observed in sepsis, generalized infectious processes, when the body throws all its strength into the fight against pathological process. It intensively produces leukocytes and then immature elements enter the bloodstream. But a shift to the right is characteristic of liver and kidney disease.

The color indicator is the ratio of blood volume to erythrocytes. It is different for men, women and children.

Reticulocytes are young red blood cells. Their rate normally ranges from 0.2-1.2%.

ESR

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicates the speed with which they stick together with each other. Normal indicators for women are from 2-15 mm / hour, for men - 1-10 mm / hour. Their increase occurs with great physical exertion, oncological and inflammatory processes.

Its high performance in low values leukocytes indicates a sharp decrease in immunity.

From all that has been said, it is clear that blood is a living and important organ. human body. Every drop of it carries life!

A general clinical blood test is a classic medical research action, with the help of which it is possible to identify a number of inconsistencies in the concentrations of individual substances, which indicate the presence of a number of diseases and pathogenic conditions in a person.

With its help, a qualified specialist can identify a variety of anemias in a patient and inflammatory processes.

Indications for appointment

A complete blood count is a mandatory item of absolutely any comprehensive examination. It is prescribed to all groups of categories of people, especially if there is suspicion of anemia of any kind or inflammatory diseases. In addition, a clinical blood test is an indicator of the success of treatment and a "monitor" of changes in the patient's health status.

How to submit?

This analysis is given in the morning. For twelve hours before blood sampling, it is advisable to completely refrain from taking any food and liquids other than the usual pure water. The analysis itself is carried out within one day.

Most often, blood sampling is carried out from the ring finger. right hand: its tip is first wiped with alcohol, then a puncture is made and collected with a special pipette into a vessel. Much less often, blood for a general analysis is collected from a vein.

The process of analyzing and interpreting the results is quite fast, carried out with the help of microscopic examination or using an automated analytical system with counting the number of blood cells, determining the level of hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The norm of indicators, research and interpretation

Most of the obtained indicators of the general blood test can be interpreted independently.

RBC - erythrocytes

The normal level for men is from 4.3 to 6.2 * 10^12, for women and children - from 3.6 to 5.5 * 10^12. A high level of these components significantly increases the risk of thrombosis. Low - anemia, blood loss, hydremia.

Reference (normal) values ​​of the level of erythrocytes are presented in the table

GHB - hemoglobin

The norm for a special protein contained in red blood cells is from 120 to 145 grams per liter of blood. Their high level indicates an increase in the level of erythrocytes, while a low level leads to systemic oxygen starvation of the body.

Reference (normal) values ​​of the hemoglobin level are presented in the table

HCT - hematocrit

This indicator indicates the volume of red blood cells that they occupy in the liquid. The norm is expressed as a percentage - from 40 to fifty for men and from 35 to 45 for women. A decrease in this indicator indicates anemia, an increase is diagnosed with dehydration and erythrocytosis.

Reference (normal) hematocrit values ​​are presented in the table

RDWC - RBC distribution width

This indicator indicates the average difference in the size of erythrocytes present in the test blood. The norm for people is 11-15 percent. Indicators above the norm indicate iron deficiency and anemia.

MCV - average volume of RBC

The absolute average size of erythrocytes is normal - from eight tens to hundreds of femtoliters. A small indicator is an indicator of anemia and iron deficiency, while too large indicates a deficiency in the body, folic acid or vitamin B12.

The norm of this ratio is from 26 to 34 picograms. The indicator below indicates an iron deficiency, high level- about the lack of folic acid and vitamins of the B series.

MCHC - GHB concentration in RBC

aforementioned normal rate saturation of red blood cells, hemoglobin - from thirty to 370 grams per liter. Above the norm - does not occur. Below normal indicates thalassemia and iron deficiency.

PLT - platelets

The norm of platelets in the blood is from 180 to 320 * 10 ^ 9 elements per liter of liquid. Their low level most often indicates aplastic anemia, cirrhosis of the liver, as well as a number of congenital and autoimmune diseases. diagnosed with blood diseases, in the postoperative period.

WBC - leukocytes

Main defense mechanism of the immune system normally shows a concentration of four to nine * 10^9 elements per liter of the test liquid. decline given level indicative of blood disorders negative consequences receiving a number medicines, a high level indicates the presence in the body, a bacterial infection.

Reference (normal) values ​​of the level of leukocytes are presented in the table

LYM - lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the main "building material" of the immune system. The number of their content in the blood is from 1.2 to three * per 10 ^ 9 liters. With a significantly increased concentration in the blood, infectious diseases of a wide spectrum are usually diagnosed. Low - kidney/immune failure, AIDS, chronic diseases wide spectrum, and Negative influence on the body, corticosteroids.

MID/MXD - mixture of basophils, monocytes, immature cells and eosinophils

This complex of elements is usually the result of secondary studies in the diagnosis after blood sampling for a general analysis. The rate of the indicator for healthy person- from 0.2 to 0.8 * 10^9 elements per liter.

GRAN - granulocytes

Granular leukocytes are activators of the immune system in the process of fighting inflammation, infections and allergic reactions. The norm for a person is from 1.2 to 6.8 * 10 ^ 9 e / l. The level of GRAN increases with inflammation, decreases with lupus erythematosus and aplastic anemia.

MON - monocytes

This element is considered a variation of leukocytes in macrophage form, i.e. their active phase, absorbing dead cells and bacteria. The norm for a healthy person is from 0.1 to 0.7 * 10 ^ 9 e / l. A decrease in the MON level is due to major operations and the use of corticosteroids, an increase indicates the development rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, tuberculosis, mononucleosis and other infectious diseases.

ESR/ESR - RBC settling rate

An indirect normal indicator of the behavioral factor of proteins in plasma is up to ten mm / h for the stronger sex and up to fifteen mm / h for the fair sex. A decrease in ESR indicates erythrocytosis and blood diseases, an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicates the activation of inflammatory processes.

Reference (normal) values ​​of erythrocyte sedimentation rate are presented in the table

Table with norms

Useful video

Program "Live healthy!" Dedicated to various analyzes

Dr. Komarovsky about the clinical blood test

Instead of an afterword

Above, the classical generally accepted designations for the results of a general blood test were indicated. A number of laboratories may vary their results, expressing the qualitative, quantitative and concentration indicators of elements in other forms (for example, percentage), which is associated with the use of a different calculation methodology, but the very essence of the results remains the same.

Be sure to take a complete blood count regularly and stay informed current state your body! Do not get sick, but prevent the problem in advance using classical analysis methods.

Complete blood count (CBC) - laboratory research, which allows you to evaluate the levels of hemoglobin in the blood, the number of erythrocytes, the number of leukocytes, platelets, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other important indicators.

The general clinical blood test is the most common analysis. It is prescribed for preventive examinations, as well as for most diseases.

With the help of a general blood test, you can identify: viral and bacterial diseases, the presence of inflammatory or malignant processes, pathologies, various disorders in hematopoiesis, possible helminthiases and allergies, and also allows you to evaluate general state human health.

Preparing for a complete blood count

A blood test should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Within 6-8 hours (preferably 12) before taking a general blood test, food is not allowed, as well as drinks such as juice, tea, coffee and alcohol. Need to reduce physical activity. Do not consume medical preparations Otherwise, warn the doctor about the medicines.

Only water is allowed, preferably boiled.

Blood sampling for analysis is carried out:

• from a finger (in most cases, an anonymous one)
• from a vein

General blood test - transcript

HGB is hemoglobin. The blood pigment of erythrocytes. Carries oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues of the body, and then carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Elevated hemoglobin provokes: excessive exercise, staying at high altitude, blood clots, smoking.

Reduced hemoglobin provokes:.

RBC - erythrocytes(red blood cells). Elements of the blood that contain hemoglobin. They are involved in the transport of oxygen and support the processes of biological oxidation in the body.

A slight increase in the number of red blood cells is acceptable. A slight increase in red blood cells may be associated with -, thickening of the blood due to a burn, taking diuretics.

Elevated red blood cells: neoplasms, polycystic kidney disease, dropsy renal pelvis, Cushing's disease and syndrome, steroid treatment.

Reduced number of red blood cells: anemia, pregnancy, blood loss, decreased intensity of red blood cell formation in the bone marrow, accelerated destruction of red blood cells, overhydration.

Color index. Indicates the content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes.

Increased color index: deficiency and, polyposis of the stomach.

Reduced color index: anemia, diseases with impaired hemoglobin synthesis.

RTC - reticulocytes. Young immature forms of erythrocytes, normally located in the bone marrow.

Increased number of reticulocytes: increased formation of red blood cells with.

Reduced number of reticulocytes: aplastic anemia, kidney disease, impaired maturation of red blood cells.

PLT - platelets. Elements formed from bone marrow cells involved in the process of blood clotting.

A natural increase in platelet levels is noted after exercise, and a decrease during and during pregnancy.

Elevated platelets: inflammation in the body, polycythemia, myeloid leukemia, after removal of the spleen and surgical operations.

Decreased platelet count: poor blood clotting, thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic autoimmune diseases, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease, isoimmunization by blood groups and Rh factor.

ESR - ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate). Indicator pathological condition organism.

Elevated ESR: infectious and inflammatory diseases (inflammation, acute infection, poisoning), anemia, collagenosis, damage to the kidneys, liver, endocrine disorders, pregnancy, postpartum period, menstruation, bone fractures, postoperative period.

Decreased ESR: hyperbilirubinemia, elevated level bile acids, chronic insufficiency circulation, erythremia, hypofibrinogenemia.

WBC - leukocytes(white blood cells). Produced in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Designed to recognize and neutralize foreign components, protect cellular immunity from viruses and bacteria, eliminate dying cells of your own body. Types of leukocytes: lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Increased number of white blood cells (leukocytosis): acute inflammatory processes, purulent processes, infectious diseases, tissue injuries, during pregnancy, after childbirth and during feeding, after physical exertion.

Decreased white blood cell count (leukopenia): aplasia or hypoplasia of the bone marrow, radiation sickness, typhoid fever, viral diseases; , Addison-Birmer disease, collagenosis, aplasia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow, damage to the bone marrow by chemicals or drugs, hypersplenism, acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, plasmacytoma, metastases of neoplasms in the bone marrow, pernicious anemia, typhoid and paratyphoid.

A reduced amount can also be after taking or after certain medications.

LYM - lymphocytes. These are the main cells of the immune system. They fight viral infections, destroy foreign cells and their own, if they are mutated, secrete antibodies into the blood - immunoglobulins.

Increased number of lymphocytes: viral infections, lymphocytic leukemia.

Decreased number of lymphocytes: acute non-viral infections, aplastic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, immunodeficiency states, lymph loss.

Neutrophils – stab and segmented nuclear. This is a group of white blood cells. Their main task is to destroy pathogenic bacteria in blood and tissues. When meeting with a bacterium, neutrophils absorb it, break it down inside themselves and die.

Increased number of neutrophils:, sepsis, blood diseases, intoxication, gangrene, extensive burns, appendicitis, ENT infections, malignant tumor, cholera, .

An increase in neutrophils can also be caused by a recent vaccination, previous illness, pregnancy, physical activity and even a hearty lunch.

Decreased neutrophil count: leukemia, anemia, B12 and folic acid deficiencies, side effect after certain drugs, after chemotherapy, typhus, etc.

Reduced content of eosinophils: childbirth, purulent infections, surgery, shock.

BAS - basophils. They are a subtype of granulocytic leukocytes. Responsible for the release of histamine.

Increased content of basophils: hypersensitivity reactions, chronic sinusitis.

Reduced content of basophils: pregnancy, ovulation, stress, acute infections.

MON - monocytes. Very important cells of the immune system. They are responsible for the final destruction of foreign cells and proteins, foci of inflammation and destroyed tissues. They are the first to encounter the antigen and present it to lymphocytes for an immune response.

Increased monocyte count: viral and fungal infections, sarcoidosis, leukemia, systemic connective tissue diseases.

Decreased monocyte count: aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia.

Information about the norm of indicators of a general blood test in this article is provided for informational purposes. You can not decipher the analysis yourself, make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment !!! For a correct decoding and diagnosis, more information and a doctor's consultation are needed.

Complete blood count - normal

Normal blood counts can be found in the following plate:

Where can I take a blood test?

- Expected...

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