Timothy john berners lee. UK scientists
If I knew then how many people would submit a URL,
then I would not use two slashes in the syntax.
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee(Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee) - famous British scientist, inventor of the World Wide Web (WWW, or the World Wide Web), URI, URL, HTTP, HTML, etc. Born in London on June 8, 1955. His parents, Conway Berners- Lee and Mary Lee Woods were both mathematicians and worked on the Manchester Mark I, one of the first computers.
At the age of 12, Tim was sent to the private London school Emanuel (Emanuel School) in the city of Wandsworth. He then continued his studies at King's College, Oxford, graduating with honors in 1976 with a degree in nuclear physics. In this college, Tim had an incident that illustrates his character very well.
One fine day, he was caught playing games at the nuclear physics lab computer and promptly denied access to it (in those days, computers were big and computer time was expensive). But it was precisely this incident that prompted the unlazy young man to design his own personal computer, which he assembled on the “base” of an old TV and a supported M6800 microprocessor. The keyboard was "made" from a broken calculator.
After graduating from Oxford University in 1976 Berners Lee joined Plessey Telecommunications Ltd in Dorset, where he worked on distributed transaction systems. In 1978, he moved to D.G Nash Ltd, where he developed printer software and created a sort of multitasking operating system.
Here he worked for about a year, and then moved to the European Laboratory for Nuclear Research (CERN, CERN), where he got a job as a software development consultant. It was then, for his own needs, that he wrote a small program called Enquire. This program became the progenitor of the World Wide Web, but then Tim did not even know about it.
From 1981 to 1984, Tim Berners-Lee worked for Image Computer Systems Ltd as a systems architect. In 1984 he returned to CERN on a fellowship to develop distributed systems for scientific data collection. During this time, he worked on the FASTBUS system and developed his RPC (Remote Procedure Call) system. The Enquire program has been redesigned.
At a new stage of development, it should not only support arbitrary hypertext links, making it easier to search in the database, but also become a multi-user and platform-independent system. Despite the skepticism of senior colleagues, the World Wide Web project was approved and implemented. It happened in 1989. Tim was greatly assisted in this work by Robert Cailliau, who is sometimes referred to as the "right hand" of the creator of the World Wide Web.
In the fall of 1990, CERN staff received the first "web server" and "web browser" written by Mr. Berners-Lee himself in the NeXTStep environment. In the summer of 1991, the WWW project, which conquered the scientific world of Europe, crossed the ocean and merged into the American one. The appearance of abbreviations well known to us began: , URL, HTTP.
In 1994 Berners Lee moves to the US and becomes chair of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Informatics Lab. He is still the lead researcher there. After the merger of the Computer Science Laboratory with the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the well-known Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) was formed. At the same time, Tim Berners-Lee headed the international consortium W3C, which acts as the Chamber of World Wide Web Standards, which he himself founded at the Informatics Laboratory. The consortium develops and implements standards for the Internet. The W3C aims to unlock the full potential of the World Wide Web by combining the stability of standards with their rapid evolution. In December 2004, Tim Berners-Lee became a professor at the University of Southampton. With strong support from the university, he hopes to implement the Semantic Web project.
Now Sir Tim lives in the suburbs of Boston with his wife Nancy Carlson and two children. He prefers not to share the details of his personal life with anyone.
In recent years, Tim Berners-Lee has been awarded dozens of the most prestigious prizes, but he has not amassed fabulous wealth. Moreover, in a certain sense, it opposes the commercialization of the World Wide Web.
The world's first Berners-Lee website at http://info.cern.ch/, the site is now archived. This site went online on August 6, 1991. This site described what the World Wide Web was, how to set up a web server, how to get a browser, etc. This site was also the world's first Internet directory because Tim Berners-Lee later hosted and maintained a list of links to other sites there. .
Tim Berners-Lee has written several books, the main ones being Weaving the Web: Origins and Future of the World Wide Web and Spinning the Semantic Web: Unleashing the full potential of the World Wide Web. ("Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential").
14.03.2018
Timothy John Berners-Lee
Timothy John Berners-Lee
British Scientist
Timothy John Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London, UK. He studied at the Emanuel School in Wandsworth, then at the Oxford King's College. There, Timothy built the first computer based on the M6800 processor with a TV instead of a monitor.
After graduating from Oxford University in 1976 with a B.A. in physics with honors, Berners-Lee joined Plessey Telecommunications Ltd in Dorset, where he worked for two years, focusing on distributed transaction systems. In 1978, Berners-Lee moved to D.G Nash Ltd, where he developed printer software and created a sort of multitasking operating system.
Then, the young scientist worked for a year and a half at the CERN European Laboratory for Nuclear Research, located in Geneva, Switzerland. Worked as a software consultant. It was there that Tim wrote the Enquire program for his own use, which used random associations and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web. Between 1981 and 1984, Tim Berners-Lee worked for Image Computer Systems Ltd as a systems architect.
In 1984, he received a fellowship from CERN and began developing distributed systems for collecting scientific data. During this time, the specialist worked on the FASTBUS system and developed a personal Remote Procedure Call system. In 1989, while working at CERN on the internal document exchange system Enquire, Berners-Lee proposed the global hypertext project now known as the World Wide Web. The project was approved and implemented.
Further, from 1991 to 1993, the scientist continued to work on the World Wide Web. Collected feedback from users and coordinated the work of the Web. Then, Timothy first proposed for wide discussion the first personal specifications of URI, HTTP and HTML. In 1994, Berners-Lee took over as chair of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science Laboratory. He was the leading researcher of the department at that time.
After the merger of the Computer Science Laboratory with the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory was formed. In the same year, 1994, the scientist founded the World Wide Web Consortium at the Laboratory for Computer Science, LCS MIT, in which he is the permanent leader. The consortium develops and implements standards for the Internet.
In December 2004, Timothy Berners-Lee was awarded the title of Professor at the University of Southampton. With strong support from the university, the scientist hopes to implement the Semantic Web project.
Lives in the suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Married. Has two children.
A native of Great Britain, who now lives in the USA, the inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, received a knighthood from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain a year ago for this invention, and now he is officially referred to as Sir. And in April 2004, for the same invention, Sir Tim Berners-Lee became the first laureate of the new Millennium Technology Prize ("Technology of the Millennium"), the monetary equivalent of which is 1 million euros.
And here is a new recognition of the merits of one of the fathers of the Internet: he is named "The Greatest Briton of 2004". This title was given to another 6 people, natives of the UK, who work in various fields (sports, literature, art, business, charity), but Berners-Lee was named "the absolute winner." Of course, the monetary equivalent of this award (£25,000) is nothing compared to the million for Millennium Technology, but Sir Tim Berners-Lee was very flattered by such an award. At the awards ceremony, he said it was a "stunning honor" to be awarded such a title. He also noted that he has previously received awards for computer technology, but because he is a native of Britain, he has never received an award and he is very proud to be British.
Regarding his invention of the Web, he modestly said that he simply happened to be "at the right time in the right place." Let us doubt it.
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from King's College Oxford University in 1976. In college, he became interested in computers and soldered his first PC on the M6800 processor. Then he went to work in Geneva at CERN (European Center for Particle Research). It was there that in 1980 he wrote his Enquire program, designed to store information, which used randomly established connections (an analogue of the human brain). It was this program that became the forerunner of the WWW. Later in 1989, he coined the term "web" (Web) and created the HTML hypertext markup language. Then in 1990 came the first http server and the first Web browser. The World Wide Web WWW, as a system of access to information, began to work in 1991.
In 1994, Berners-Lee, who by that time had become an employee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and moved to the United States, founded and led a new non-profit organization, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which deals with the technical problems of the development and operation of the Web system.
Now Sir Tim Berners-Lee is developing the concept of a semantic network, which will have certain elements of artificial intelligence. The semantic web provides for the maximum classification of any information. It should combine different types of information into a single structure with semantic tags. Thanks to these tags, all programs for working on the Internet will be able to understand the meaning of the information that the user is working with, and, in accordance with this meaning, help him find the necessary data.
While it looks somewhat abstract, but all the inventions that we use every day once looked like this. All in all, The Greatest Briton 2004 continues to work for the future.
Today, networking has become commonplace. Going online is sometimes easier than getting up from the couch to turn on the TV because the remote again disappeared somewhere :). Why, many don’t even watch TV anymore, because the network has everything you need, well, except that they don’t feed ... yet.
But who invented what we use daily, hourly? You know? Until now, I had no idea. And invented the Internet Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee. He is the one inventor of the World Wide Web and author of many other major developments in this area.
Timothy John Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London, in an unusual family. His parents were mathematicians Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods, who were researching one of the first computers, the Manchester Mark I.
I must say that time itself was conducive to various kinds of technological breakthroughs in the field of IT technologies: a few years earlier, Vannevar Bush (a scientist from the USA) proposed the so-called hypertext. This is a unique phenomenon, which was an alternative to the usual linear structure of development, narration, etc. and had a noticeable impact on many areas of life - from science to art.
And just a few years after the birth of Tim Berners-Lee, Ted Nelson proposed the creation of a "documentary universe" where all the texts ever written by mankind would be linked together with what we would today call "cross-references" . In anticipation of the invention of the Internet, all these and many other events, of course, created fertile ground and suggested appropriate reflections.
At the age of 12, the parents sent the boy to the Emanuel private school in the town of Wandsworth, where he showed an interest in the exact sciences. After leaving school, he entered college at Oxford, where, together with his comrades, he was caught in a hacker attack and for this they were deprived of the right to access educational computers. This unfortunate circumstance prompted Tim for the first time to independently assemble a computer based on the M6800 processor, with an ordinary TV instead of a monitor and a broken calculator instead of a keyboard.
Berners-Lee graduated from Oxford in 1976 with a degree in physics, after which he began his career at Plessey Telecommunications Ltd. The scope of his activity at that time was distributed transactions. After a couple of years, he moved to another company - DG Nash Ltd, where he developed software for printers. It was here that he first created a kind of analogue of the future operating system capable of multitasking.
The next place of work was the European Laboratory for Nuclear Research, located in Geneva (Switzerland). Here, as a software consultant, Berners-Lee wrote the Enquire program, which used the method of random associations. The principle of its work, in many ways, was a help for the creation of the World Wide Web.
This was followed by three years of work as a systems architect and research work at CERN, where he developed a number of distributed systems for data collection. Here, in 1989, he first implemented a project based on hypertext - the founder of the modern Internet. This project was later called the World Wide Web. world wide web).
In a nutshell, its essence was as follows: the publication of hypertext documents that would be interconnected by hyperlinks. This made it possible to significantly facilitate the search for information, its systematization and storage. Initially, the project was supposed to be implemented in the internal CERN network for local research needs, as a modern alternative to the library and other data repositories. At the same time, data download and access to them were possible from any computer connected to the WWW.
Work on the project continued from 1991 to 1993 in the form of collecting user feedback, coordination and all kinds of improvements to the World Wide Web. In particular, the first versions of the URL protocols (as a special case of the URI identifier), HTTP and HTML were already proposed then. The first web browser based on World Wide Web hypertext and a WYSIWYG editor were also introduced.
In 1991, the very first website was launched, which had the address . Its contents were introductory and auxiliary information regarding the World Wide Web: how to install a web server, how to connect to the Internet, how to use a web browser. There was also an online catalog with links to other sites.
Since 1994, Berners-Lee has held the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Informatics Laboratory (now the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, with the Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts), where he serves as principal investigator.
In 1994, he founded at the Laboratory, which to this day develops and implements standards for the Internet. In particular, the Consortium is working to ensure that the World Wide Web develops in a stable and continuous manner - in line with the latest user requirements and the level of technological progress.
In 1999, the famous book by Berners-Lee called "". It describes in detail the process of working on a key project in the life of the author, talks about the prospects for the development of the Internet and Internet technologies, and outlines a number of important principles. Among them:
- the importance of web 2.0, the direct participation of users in the creation and editing of website content (a vivid example of Wikipedia and social networks);
- the close relationship of all resources with each other through cross-references in combination with equal positions of each of them;
— the moral responsibility of scientists implementing certain IT technologies.
Berners-Lee has been a professor at the University of Southampton since 2004, where he works on the Semantic Web Project. It is a new version of the World Wide Web, where all data is suitable for processing using special programs. This is a kind of “add-on”, assuming that each resource will have not only plain text “for people”, but also specially encoded content that is understandable to a computer.
In 2005, his second book, Traversing the Semantic Web: Unlocking the Full Potential of the World Wide Web, was published.
Tim Berners-Lee is currently a Knight Commander by Queen Elizabeth II, a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society, a Foreign Member of the US National Academy of Sciences, and many others. His work has received many awards, including the Order of Merit, a place in the list of "100 Greatest Minds of the Century" according to Time Magazine (1999), the Quadriga Award in the "Knowledge Network" nomination (2005), the M.S. Gorbachev Prize in the nomination "Perestroika" - "The Man Who Changed the World" (2011), etc.
Unlike many of his successful brothers, like, or, Berners-Lee has never been distinguished by a special desire to monetize and receive super profits from his projects and inventions. His manner of communication is characterized as a "rapid stream of thought", accompanied by rare digressions and self-irony. In a word, there are all the signs of a genius living in his own "virtual" world, which, at the same time, has had a colossal impact on the world today.